Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock: Interference and Topology

The quantum system under periodical modulation is the simplest path to understand nonequilibrium because it can be well described by effective static Floquet Hamiltonian. Under stroboscopic measurement, initial phase usually irrelevant. However, if two uncorrelated parameters are modulated, their relative cannot gauged out so that physics dramatically changed. Here, we simultaneously modulate frequency of lattice laser and Rabi in an optical clock (OLC) system. Thanks ultrahigh precision ultrastability OLC, could fine-tuned. As a smoking gun, observed interference between channels. Finally, experimentally detecting eigenenergies, demonstrate relation Hamiltonian one-dimensional topological insulator with high winding number. Our experiment not only provides direction for effect but also paves way simulating OLC platform.